I. INTRODUCTION:

1. Social background:

There was a development of capitalist relation in Europe in the15th -16th centuries. The former townspeople became the bourgeoisie who fought against feudalism because help back the development of capitalism. It was then that great geographical discoveries of Columbus, Magellan and other travelers as well as astronomical discoveries of Copernicus, Bruno were made. Universities stopped being citadels of religious learning and turned into centers of humanist study. The development of a new class of the bourgeoisie, social order presented possibilities for mans creative for man power. The power of church in mans mind was defeated

2. Historical background:

There were 6 Kings during the Renaissance (1485- 1625):

Henry VII: after “the war of Roses”, Henry was able to build a new nation-state and laid the foundations for one of the most fruitful periods in English history.

Henry VIII: he closed these religious institutions and confiscated their riches, distributing their lands among other landowners and merchants.

Edward VI: he was too young to reign when Henry died so the country was governed by a council, composed of members of the new nobility created by the Tudor.

Mary Tudor: she was inflexible and imprudent. She died in 1558.

Elizabeth I: she was a force for peace, for reconciliation, and for prosperity

James I: He tried to rule without Parliament as much as possible and was a firm believer in the Divine Right of Kings. The quarrels about money continued until his death in 1625.