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TABLE OF CONTENTS

PART A: INTRODUCTION 1

i. Rationale 1

ii. Aims of the study 1

iii. Scope of the study 2

iv. Methods of the study 2

v. Organization of the study 3

PART B: DEVELOPMENT 4

CHAPTER 1 LITERATURE REVIEW 4

1.1. CULTURE 4

1.2. COMMUNICATION 4

1.2.1. Definition of Communication 4

1.2.2. Forms of Communication 5

1.2.3. Components of Communication 5

1.2.4. Cross-cultural communication 6

1.3 NONVERBAL COMMUNICATION 6

1.3.1 Definition of nonverbal communication 6

1.3.2 Importance of nonverbal communication 7

1.3.3. Differences between Nonverbal Communication and Verbal Communication 8

1.3.4 Classification of nonverbal communication 8

1.3.5. Nonverbal communication across culture 9

1.4. DISAPPOINTMENT AND ITS NONVERBAL EXPRESSIONS 10

CHAPTER 2: METHODOLOGY 18

2.1. COMMENTS ON THE SURVEY QUESTIONNAIRES AND DATA COLLECTION METHOD: 18

2.2. COMMENTS ON THE INFORMANTS 19

2.3. THE PROCEDURE OF DATA COLLECTION 20

2.4. DATA ANALYSIS METHOD 20

CHAPTER 3: DATA ANALYSIS AND DISCUSSION OF THE FINDINGS 21

3.1. DATA ANALYSIS: 21

3.1.1. Most common expressions of disappointment used by Vietnamese and American people 21

3.1.2. Amount of expressiveness in American and Vietnamese cultures 23

3.1.3. Amount of expressiveness in Vietnamese and American cultures as seen from informants’ parameters 24

3.1.3.1. Length of stay or work with native people 24

3.1.3.2. Cultural knowledge 25

3.1.4. Influential factors on the amount of expressiveness 26

3.1.4.1. Communicating partners 26

3.1.4.2. Communicating situations 27

3.2. DISCUSSIONS OF THE FINDINGS: 28

PART C: CONCLUSION 31

1. SUMMARY OF MAJOR FINDINGS 31

2. CONCLUSION AND IMPLICATIONS FOR CROSS-CULTURAL COMMUNICATION 31

3. LIMITATIONS OF THE STUDY AND SUGGESTIONS FOR FURTHER STUDY 32

APPENDICES 33

BIBLIOGRAPHY 34