Part a: Introduction

Literature of the Renaissance in the 15¬¬¬¬¬¬¬th_17th century’s capitalist relation began to develop in Europe. The former townspeople became the bourgeoisie. There was a revival of interest in the ancient culture of Greece and Rome. The study of the works of ancient philosophers, written, and artists help the people to widen their outlook, to know the world and man’s nature. The progressive ideology of the Renaissance was Humanism .Human life, the happiness of people and the belief in man’s abilities became the main subjects in file art and literature. In the 16th century, capitalism began to develop in England as well as in other European countries. There was no work for the peasants and many of them became homeless beggars lust of rich was typical of the new class of the bourgeoisie. The most progressive people of the country could not help seeing the growing power of money, and the injustice caused by it. The second period which last from the middle of the 16th century up to the beginning of the 17th century saw the flourishing of the English drama. Among the playwrights of the period were John Lily, Robert Greene, Christopher Marlowe, Ben Johnson and others .The most outstanding dramatist of the period, as well as of all time, was William Shakespeare

William Shakespeare was born in late April 1564 in Stratford-upon-Avon to John Shakespeare and Mary Arden. It is generally accepted that he attended the King’s new school known for its classical curriculum because of his knowledge of Latin classics and written scenes recalling grammar school experiences such as exercises memories by schoolchildren. He lived in Stratford -upon-Avon until he was twenty-one. By the time, he was married and had three children. At twenty-one he left Stratford –upon-Avon for London where he joined a theatrical company and worked as an actor and a playwright. The public acting of women was prohibited in the England of Shakespeare‘s time and so writers would often emphasize the femininity of their female characters so as to remove the necessity of an actual female in the role. Shakespeare was greatly responsible for roles in which female characters spent much of their time disguised as boys. This helped to deflect attention from the fact that the part was actual played by a young boy. A play in that time was often commission by an acting company, which could then sell it to a publisher at its own discretion without further compensating the author. Shakespeare did not take part in the process of publishing his own plays. On April 23, 1616, he died and buried. He is the author of 2 poems, 37plays and 154 sonnets. His creative work is usually divides into three periods. The drama The Merchant of Venice and the two early tragedies Romeo and Juliet, and Julius Caesar also written in the 90s.

The American Heritage dictionary defines tragedy as “a dramatic or literary work depicting protagonist engaged in a morally indicant struggle ending in ruin or profound disappointment”. Tragedy engages our heart and minds and helps us to understand our world. Tragedies make you thing about the things that you have and cherish them. Romeo and Juliet by William Shakespeare is on of his many respected tragedies, play is a youth romantic novel, where love is defeated by hated, misunderstand, and time. There are on a death run from the moment they meet reach other. There are also some elements that foreshadow the fatality of the play final out come, Romeo and Juliet is a love story. As many people in this world know, true love knows no limits, and when two lovers become entirely entrapped with their love, they become oblivions as to what in going on in the rest of their lives. When Romeo and Juliet first meet, it seems that their falling in love happens with the blink of an eye. Through out Romeo and Juliet, Shakespeare uses timing and the idea of revenge again two families to show how two star-crossed lovers have a destiny with death. The social tragedy, the family tragedy and their love_ all of them become love tragedy and they made them victims of their own fate.