Preface vii
Acknowledgements ix
1 Trends in architecture 1
1.1 An overall survey 1
1.2 Stylistic trends in new architecture 10
1.3 Post-war regional survey 17
Bibliography 29
2 The impact of technological change on building materials 31
2.1 General considerations 31
2.2 Timber 34
2.3 Steel 35
2.4 Aluminum and other metals 37
2.5 Brick, stone and masonry 40
2.6 Glass and structural glass 40
2.7 Concrete and reinforced concrete 42
2.8 Plastics, fabrics and foils 45
Bibliography 47
3 The impact of technological change on buildings
and structures 50
3.1 Some specific design aspects 50
3.2 Selected types of building 62
3.3 Structures and components 79
Bibliography 88
4 The impact of technological change on services 91
4.1 Ambience and services 91
4.2 Climate and energy conservation 91
4.3 Human comfort, health and performance requirements 96
4.4 Heating, ventilating, air-conditioning (HVAC) 96
4.5 The lighting environment 99
4.6 The sound environment: acoustics 104
4.7 Revolution in the technology and control of services 105
Bibliography 107
5 The impact of invisible technologies on design 110
5.1 Some general considerations 110
5.2 The changing image, knowledge and cooperation of architects 110
5.3 Fire engineering design 113
5.4 New methods in structural analysis - design for seismic areas 113
5.5 Heat, moisture and air quality affecting architectural design 116
5.6 Technical systems of buildings: ‘system building' 118
5.7 Computers in architecture and management 119
5.8 Architecture and industrialization of construction 120
5.9 Management strategies 121
Bibliography 123
6 The interrelationship of architecture, economy,
environment and sustainability 125
6.1 Urban development 125
6.2 Economy 129
6.3 Environment 130
6.4 Sustainability 131
Bibliography 136
7 Architectural aesthetics 138
7.1 Introduction 138
7.2 Size, scale, proportion 142
7.3 Geometry 143
7.4 Recesses, cavities, holes, canted/slanted lines and planes 145
7.5 Colour, light and shadow 146
7.6 Articulation 148
7.7 Theory and praxis 149
Bibliography 149
8 The price of progress: defects, damages and failures 151
Bibliography 155
9 Conclusion 156
Bibliography 156
Index 159.