Nuclear Fission and Cluster Radioactivity

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It is the first application to nuclear-physics from energy-density functional method, for which Professor Walter Kohn received the Nobel Prize in Chemistry. The book presents a comprehensive extension of the Bohr-Wheeler theory with the present knowledge of nuclear density distribution function.
Preface
There are a number of excellent treaties on ﬁssion in the market and a reader may wonder about the reason for us to write another book. All of the existing books, however, deal with the phenomena associated with ﬁssion from the vantage point of the liquid-drop model of nuclei. In this monograph, we depart from that and investigate a number of ﬁssion related properties from a simple energy-density functional point of view taking into consideration the actual density-distribution function of nuclei i.e., we investigate the eﬀect of a nuclear surface of 2 to 3 fm in width on the potential energy surface of a separating daughter pair. This inﬂuences the structure of the potential energy surface signiﬁcantly. The referee of the article titled “Potential Energy Surfaces and Lifetimes for Spontaneous Fission of Heavy and Superheavy Elements from a Variable Density Mass Formula” published in Annals of Physics, Volume 98, 1976, stated “The work reported in this paper is important and signiﬁcant for ﬁssion theory.” We, therefore, wish to bring to the scientiﬁc community a comprehensive study of the ﬁssion phenomenon done so far from the energy-density functional approach. An overview of this monograph is presented in Sect. 1.10 of Chap. 1 under the title pre-amble. Some of the successes of the approach are the following:
In 1972, using a simple version of the theory, it was correctly predicted hat half-lives of superheavy elements should be very short. So far, experiments support this. In 1972, the mass distribution in the ﬁssion of isomer state of 236U was predicted. The measurements done eight years later in 1980 conﬁrmed this prediction. The theory can calculate the most probable kinetic energies associated with the emission of a daughter pair in spontaneous and induced ﬁssion within a few MeV. The theory, independent of observation done, predicted simultaneously that the mass-spectrum in the spontaneous ﬁssion of 258Fm should be symmetric. The theory can account for nuclear masses and observed density distribution functions to within 1.5%. The theory predicted the existence of cold ﬁssion, well before it was found experimentally.
Aside from describing many phenomena related to ﬁssion, this theoretical approach can be extended to the study of cluster and alpha-radioactivities, which are discussed in Chap. 9. Thus, the theory provides a uniform approach to the emission of alpha, light clusters, and heavy nuclei from meta-stable parent nuclei.
This latter problem, on the other hand, is clearly a complex many-body one and as such, the theory presented herein is likely to be improved over time with the advancement in many-body and reaction theory. We just hope that this little book will serve as a foundation for more sophisticated work in the future. In essence, the theory is a reﬁnement of the pioneering work of Professors Neils Bohr and John A. Wheeler. In 1939, when their work was published, very little knowledge of actual nuclear density distribution functions was available. That work may be viewed as an energy-density approach to nuclear ﬁssion for a uniform density-distribution function. We have beneﬁted much from the underlying physics of this monumental publication. One of us, (FBM) is very thankful to Professor John Wheeler for exposing him to many nuances of that work and teaching him much of physics in other areas.
Many persons deserve many thanks for discussion and encouragement in early parts of this investigation. Obviously, much of the subject matter noted in the monograph is based on the excellent doctorial dissertation of Dr. Behrooz Compani-Tabrizi. We are much indebted to him. We remember fondly the spirited correspondences with Professor G.E. Brown, the then editor of Physics Letters B, where some of the key papers were published. Discussion with Professors John Clark, (late) Herman Feshbach, (late) Emil Konopinski, Don Lichtenberg and Pierre Sabatier, and Dr. Barry Block are much appreciated.
For the preparation of the manuscript, we are very much thankful to Professor Arun K. Basak, Mr. Shahjahan Ali, Ms. Sylvia Shaw, Ms. Angela Lingle, and Ms. Carol Booker. We are appreciative of the helpful assistance of the staﬀ and editors of Springer Verlag associated with the publication of this monograph. Lastly, the support of our many friends and relatives played an important role in getting this book done. We thank them collectively.
Product Details
Hardcover: 200 pages
Publisher: Springer; 1 edition (September 13, 2005)
Language: English
ISBN-10: 3540233024
ISBN-13: 978-3540233022
Product Dimensions: 9.4 x 6.1 x 0.7 inches

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Nuclear Fission and Cluster Radioactivity

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