Chapter 1 – Introduction to C++

Programming

Outline

1. History of C and C++

2. C++ Standard Library

3. Basics of a Typical C++ Environment

4. Introduction to C++ Programming

5. A Simple Program: Printing a Line of Text

6. Another Simple Program: Adding Two Integers

7. Arithmetic

8. Decision Making: Equality and Relational Operators

9. Introduction to Object Technology 2003 Prentice Hall, Inc. All rights reserved.

2

History of C and C++

ã History of C

– Evolved from two other programming languages

ã BCPL and B

– “Typeless” languages

– Dennis Ritchie (Bell Laboratories)

ã Added data typing, other features

– Development language of UNIX

– Hardware independent

ã Portable programs

– 1989: ANSI standard

– 1990: ANSI and ISO standard published

ã ANSI/ISO 9899: 1990 2003 Prentice Hall, Inc. All rights reserved.

3

History of C and C++

ã History of C++

– Extension of C

– Early 1980s: Bjarne Stroustrup (Bell Laboratories)

– “Spruces up” C

– Provides capabilities for object-oriented programming

ã Objects: reusable software components

– Model items in real world

ã Object-oriented programs

– Easy to understand, correct and modify

– Hybrid language

ã C-like style

ã Object-oriented style

ãBoth 2003 Prentice Hall, Inc. All rights reserved.

4

C++ Standard Library

ãC++ programs

– Built from pieces called classes and functions

ã C++ standard library

– Rich collections of existing classes and functions

ã “Building block approach” to creating programs

– “Software reuse” 2003 Prentice Hall, Inc. All rights reserved.

5

Basics of a Typical C++ Environment

ã C++ systems

– Program-development environment

– Language

– C++ Standard Library 2003 Prentice Hall, Inc. All rights reserved.

6

Basics of a Typical C++ Environment

Phases of C++ Programs:

1. Edit

2. Preprocess

3. Compile

4. Link

5. Load

6. Execute

Loader

Primary

Memory

Program is created in

the editor and stored

on disk.

Preprocessor program

processes the code.

Loader puts program

in memory.

CPU takes each

instruction and

executes it, possibly

storing new data

values as the program

executes.

Compiler

Compiler creates

object code and stores

it on disk.

Linker links the object

code with the libraries,

creates a.out